Hume’s Role in INC
The Indian National Congress (INC) was formed in 1885 as a political organization that aimed to unify the diverse political activities of educated Indians and voice their grievances to the British government. The INC also sought to promote the interests of the Indian people and to foster a sense of national identity among them.
One of the key figures behind the genesis of the INC was Allan Octavian Hume, a retired British civil servant who had served in India from 1846 to 1882. Hume was deeply concerned about the growing alienation between the British rulers and the Indian subjects, and the lack of communication and representation between them. He believed that a national movement was needed to bridge this gap and prevent a possible revolt against British rule.
Hume was inspired by the liberal ideas of some of his fellow Englishmen, such as Henry Cotton, who advocated for greater participation of Indians in the administration and legislation. He also consulted with some prominent Indian leaders, such as Surendranath Banerjea, Dadabhai Naoroji, Womesh Chandra Bonnerjee, and others, who had formed regional political associations and were active in the press and public affairs.
In 1884, Hume launched a scheme to form an all-India political organization that would oppose any unjust or injurious policies of the British government by constitutional means. He circulated a confidential circular among some selected Indian leaders, inviting them to join his plan. He also wrote a letter to Lord Dufferin, the then viceroy of India, informing him of his intention and seeking his support. Lord Dufferin gave cautious approval, hoping that such an organization would act as a safety valve for the discontented Indians and would also provide him with reliable information about their opinions and needs.
Hume then proceeded to organize the first session of the INC, which was held in Bombay (now Mumbai) from December 28 to 31, 1885. The session was attended by 72 delegates from various parts of India, representing different regions, religions, castes, and professions. The session was presided over by Womesh Chandra Bonnerjee, who delivered an inaugural address outlining the aims and objectives of the INC. The session passed several resolutions on various issues, such as administrative reforms, civil service examinations, local self-government, education, trade, taxation, etc. The session also elected a general secretary (Hume), six joint secretaries (three Indians and three Europeans), and an executive committee of 10 members (five Indians and five Europeans). The session also decided to hold annual sessions in different cities of India.
Thus, Hume played a crucial role in the genesis of the INC by initiating, organizing, and facilitating its formation. He also contributed to its growth and development by serving as its general secretary for several years and by establishing a British Committee of the INC in London in 1889 to lobby for India’s cause in Britain. Hume is widely regarded as the chief architect and founder of the INC and is often called “the father of the Indian National Congress”.
Click to read details:- The Genesis of the Indian National Congress: A.O. Hume’s Influential Role
